Patient preparation for Endoscopy

I will mainly describe about the preparation of patient and procedure of performing endoscopy to a patient. 

let me begin with basic parts of endoscope. It may differs in some aspects but they are all basically same.

Components of Endoscope

                           

                           1. Insertion tube with camera

                           2. light guide connector

                           3. Central body with remote and switches

* The length and size of insertion tube depending upon whether it is     lower  or upper GIT endoscope.

The length of upper GIT endoscope is 1 m and that of lower is 1.6 m. 

  

                                  Preparations and procedure.

                           1. Upper GIT endoscopy.(OGD)

fasting for 6 hrs overnight. Usually from 10 p.m till next morning is pretty well acceptable.

Just before insertion of tube, the spray called xylcoine(anaesthia) is sprayed into patient's mouth and wait for sometime.

Patient is made to lie in the left lateral position and tube is inserted and visualized.

                           2.Sigmodoiscopy

In this case also the patient is asked to fast for 6 hr starting from 10 p.m. The next morning at around 5 a.m, the patient is given kleen enema rectally and asked to hold it for 45 minutes before going to toilet.

This is also done in left lateral position with right hip and knee flexed and left leg in extend position. 

The lignocaine gel is applied around the anus.

Then lignocaine gel is applied to insertion tube and it is then inserted.

                         3. Colonoscopy

Prior to 7 days of procedure , the patient should stop taking any anticoagulants.

Prior to 3 days, ask the patient to be on low fiber diets.

1 day before the procedure, the patient should be admitted to ward and then:

        i. Give 4 sachets of kleen enema.( no solid food )

        ii. Each sachet should be dissolved in 1liter of water and drink  

            it within 15 minutes( usually starts from 2 pm)

       iii. Then again in next 2 hr, patient will drink another sachet 

            and by 8 p.m, he must finish his enema.

      iv. Meanwhile patient is asked to take 1litre of water in between  

           the enema.

          

                             Disinfection of Endoscope

To prevent spread of infections, disinfection and sterilization is done before procedure. 

Wash manually with water before disinfecting.

The chemical used is Perasafe .

If we keep endoscope soaked in it for 5 minutes, it will just disinfect.

If we keep  for 10 mins, it will sterilize and it remains sterilized for 24 hr.